How is a hammertoe diagnosed?
Short answer: Diagnosis is usually clinical. Assessment identifies which joints are involved, whether the toe is flexible or rigid, where pressure occurs, and whether another forefoot problem is driving the deformity.
The examination includes standing alignment, joint movement, tendon balance, skin lesions, circulation, sensation and stability at the base of the toe. The foot is also assessed for bunion deformity, metatarsalgia and plantar-plate injury.
Weight-bearing X-rays may be recommended when the deformity is fixed, painful, recurrent or being considered for surgery. They help show joint alignment, arthritis, dislocation and the relationship between the metatarsals and toes.